Hemianthus Cuba (*Hemianthus callitrichoides* ‘Cuba’), often simply called ‘Cuba’, is one of the most sought-after, yet also most demanding, carpeting plants in aquascaping. Its ability to form a dense, bright green carpet resembling a lawn makes it a central element in many competition aquariums. However, to achieve such a result, the aquarist must create ideal conditions, primarily ensuring a high level of lighting and a stable supply of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Plants
Spiral Vallisneria: A Classic for the Background, Care and Propagation
Spiral Vallisneria (Vallisneria spiralis) is rightfully considered one of the most reliable and common aquarium plants. It is an unpretentious species that has remained a classic choice for decades for both beginner and experienced aquarists. Its long, ribbon-like leaves create a natural, lush background while providing excellent shelter for fry and small fish. Its ability to spread rapidly and adapt easily to various water conditions makes Vallisneria an indispensable element of any freshwater biotope.
Anubias Nana: The Driftwood King, Planting and Care in the Aquarium
Anubias are among the most popular and undemanding plants in freshwater aquaristics. Among them, the dwarf Anubias, known as Anubias Nana (Anubias barteri var. nana), has rightfully earned the title of “king of driftwood.” This plant is ideal for hardscape decoration as it does not require planting in the substrate and possesses exceptional resistance to unfavorable conditions. Thanks to its compact size and slow growth, Anubias Nana is an indispensable element for both nano-aquariums and large Dutch or natural aquariums, where it serves as a point of contrast.
Java Moss: The Ideal Shelter for Fry, Spawning, and Shrimp
Java moss, known in the scientific world as Vesicularia dubyana or, more commonly, as Taxiphyllum barbieri, is rightfully considered one of the most functional and indispensable plants in any aquarist’s arsenal. Its unique properties make it an ideal environment not only for decorative underwater landscaping but also for solving crucial practical problems: ensuring safe fish spawning, providing shelter for fry, and creating optimal conditions for aquarium shrimp to thrive. This hardy and undemanding plant can adapt to a wide range of conditions, making it equally valuable for both beginners and professional breeders.
Black Beard Algae (BBA): How to Get Rid of It Forever and Restore Balance
Black beard algae, or BBA, is perhaps the most unpleasant and persistent problem an aquarist faces, especially those with planted aquariums. This tough, dark algae can quickly infest decorations, substrate, and most annoyingly, the leaves of slow-growing plants. Battling it requires not only mechanical removal but also a deep understanding of the system’s biological balance.